Judges, IMT, Nuremberg Germany, 1945-1946
The judges at the IMT. From left to right, Iola T. Nikitschenko (Russian judge), Lord William Norman Birkett (British alternate judge), Lord Geoffrey Lawrence (British judge), Francis A. Biddle (American judge), John Johnston Parker (American alternate judge), Henri Donnedieu de Vabres (French judge), and Robert Falco (French alternate judge). Behind the judges are their private translators.
Fritz Sauckel, IMT, Nuremberg Germany, 1945-1946
A serious Fritz Sauckel, head of the forced labor program, listens for a translation over IBM headphones. Ernst Friedrich Christoph "Fritz" Sauckel (27 October 1894 – 16 October 1946) was a German Nazi politician, Gauleiter of Thuringia and the General Plenipotentiary for Labour Deployment from 1942 until the end of the Second World War. Sauckel was among the 24 persons accused in Trial of the Major War Criminals before the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg. He was found guilty of war crimes and crimes against humanity, and was sentenced to death by hanging.
Franz von Papen, Jr.
Franz von Papen, Jr. was part of his father's defense counsel. Franz von Papen was a German nobleman, Roman Catholic monarchist politician, General Staff officer, and diplomat, who served as Chancellor of Germany in 1932 and as Vice-Chancellor under Adolf Hitler in 1933-1934. Papen was captured along with his son Franz Jr. by the U.S
Devastation of Nuremberg
A young woman walks down a path cleared between the ruins of fallen buildings in Nuremberg. Nuremberg was severely damaged in Allied strategic bombing from 1943-45. On January 2, 1945, Nuremberg was systematically bombed by the Royal Air Force and the U.S. Army Air Forces and about ninety percent of it was destroyed in only one hour, with 1,800 residents killed and roughly 100,000 displaced. In February 1945, additional attacks followed. In total, about 6,000 Nuremberg residents are estimated to have been killed in air raids
Joachim von Ribbentrop on the Witness Stand, IMT, Nuremberg Germany, 1945-1946
Joachim von Ribbentrop on the witness stand during the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg, 1945-1946. Joachim von Ribbentrop was Germany's Foreign Minister from 1938-1945. Ribbentrop was charged with crimes against peace, deliberately planning a war of aggression, war crimes and crimes against humanity. Prosecutors presented evidence that Ribbentrop was actively involved in the planning of German aggression and the deportation of Jews to death camps, as well as his advocacy of the killing of American and British airmen shot down over Germany. He was hanged on October 16, 1946.
Tight Rope Walkers, Nuremberg Germany, 1945-1946
Tight Rope walkers perform for a crowd of people in front of the city ruins. Nuremberg was severely damaged in Allied strategic bombing from 1943-45. On January 2, 1945, Nuremberg was systematically bombed by the Royal Air Force and the U.S. Army Air Forces and about ninety percent of it was destroyed in only one hour, with 1,800 residents killed and roughly 100,000 displaced. In February 1945, additional attacks followed. In total, about 6,000 Nuremberg residents are estimated to have been killed in air raids
Tom Clark Speaking at a Press Conference during the IMT, Nuremberg Germany, 1945-1946
United States Attorney General Tom C. Clark (1945-1949) speaks during a press conference when he attended the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg. Tom Clark was an Associated Justice of the Supreme Court from 1949-1967.
Cathedral In Ruins, Nuremberg Germany, 1945-1946
A family stands among the ruins Nuremberg, where only a portion of the Cathedral remains. Nuremberg was severely damaged in Allied strategic bombing from 1943-45. On January 2, 1945, Nuremberg was systematically bombed by the Royal Air Force and the U.S. Army Air Forces and about ninety percent of it was destroyed in only one hour, with 1,800 residents killed and roughly 100,000 displaced. In February 1945, additional attacks followed. In total, about 6,000 Nuremberg residents are estimated to have been killed in air raids
Dr. Martin Horn Talks with his Client Joachim von Ribbentrop, IMT, Nuremberg Germany, 1945-1946
Dr. Martin Horn (seated outside of defendants dock on left) speaks with Joachim von Ribbentrop (head on hand).
Nuremberg with River and Ruins, 1945-1946
Nuremberg was severely damaged in Allied strategic bombing from 1943-45. On January 2, 1945, Nuremberg was systematically bombed by the Royal Air Force and the U.S. Army Air Forces and about ninety percent of it was destroyed in only one hour, with 1,800 residents killed and roughly 100,000 displaced. In February 1945, additional attacks followed. In total, about 6,000 Nuremberg residents are estimated to have been killed in air raids